Tipos de partos y niveles de oxitocina, cortisol y hormonas tiroideas en plasma del cordón umbilical / Types of deliveries and levels of oxytocin, cortisol and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord plasma

Introducción: La placenta sintetiza y secreta varias hormonas que permiten la regulación del embarazo, el trabajo de parto y la adaptación metabólica materno-fetal. Su comportamiento asociado al tipo de parto puede dar información relevante sobre efectos epigenéticos. Objetivo: Describir el tipo de parto con los niveles de oxitocina, cortisol y hormonas tiroideas en plasma de cordón umbilical al nacer. Método: A 50 mujeres con embarazos principalmente normales se les cuantificaron los niveles neurohormonales en plasma de cordón umbilical, obtenido inmediatamente tras el periodo expulsivo. Los resultados se incorporaron a la base de datos clínicos de cada participante y se analizaron con Stata v.14.0. El protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados: Hubo 33 partos vaginales (12 espontáneos, 13 acelerados y 8 inducidos) y 17 cesáreas (7 electivas y 10 de urgencia). Se observaron mayores niveles de cortisol en los partos vaginales acelerados; las cesáreas tuvieron menores niveles de cortisol y hormona estimulante de la tiroides. Las intervenciones clínicas, con altos o bajos niveles hormonales, están en directa relación con el tipo de parto. Conclusiones: El cortisol y la hormona estimulante de la tiroides medidos en plasma de cordón umbilical variaron según el tipo de parto. Esto es una primera cuantificación de hormonas en plasma de cordón umbilical y su posible regulación placentaria a propósito del tipo de parto.

Introduction: The placenta synthesizes and secretes several hormones allowing the regulation of pregnancy, labor and maternal-fetal metabolic adaptation. Their behavior associated with the type of delivery, may provide relevant information on epigenetic effects. Objective: To describe the type of delivery with the levels of oxytocin, cortisol and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord plasma at birth. Method: Neurohormonal levels from umbilical cord plasma obtained immediately post expulsion, were quantified in 50 women with mainly normal pregnancies. Results incorporated into the clinical database of each participant, statistically analyzed in Stata v.14.0. Protocol approved by ethics committee. Results: 33 were vaginal deliveries (12 spontaneous, 13 accelerated, 8 induced) and 17 cesarean sections (7 elective and 10 emergency). Higher cortisol levels were observed in accelerated vaginal deliveries, cesarean sections had lower cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone levels. While clinical interventions, with high or low hormone levels, were related to the type of delivery. Conclusions: Cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone measured in umbilical cord plasma varied according to the type of delivery. This is a first quantification of hormones in umbilical cord plasma and their possible placental regulation in relation to the type of delivery.

A new species of Stenoptilia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) associated with Neobartsia peruviana (Orobanchaceae) in the Andes of northern Chile

Abstract The plume moth genus Stenoptilia Hübner, [1825] (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) is recorded for the first time from Chile. Adults of Stenoptilia socoromaensis Vargas & Gielis sp. nov. from the northernmost part of the Chilean Andes are described and illustrated. The larvae of S. socoromaensis feed on buds, flowers and unripe fruits of the hemiparasitic plant Neobartsia peruviana (Walp.) Uribe-Convers & Tank (Orobanchaceae). Pairwise distances of a DNA barcode sequence of S. socoromaensis with congeneric species ranged from 9.1 to 12.6% (K2P).

Fractura de Hoffa en el cóndilo femoral. Reporte de caso / Femur Hoffa fracture. A case report

Las fracturas de tercio distal de fémur unicondilares en el plano coronal son conocidas como fracturas de Hoffa, son poco frecuentes y muy raras. Se han reportado pocos casos este tipo de fracturas, por definición son fracturas inestables y por lo tanto requieren de resolución quirúrgica. El mecanismo de trauma en este tipo de fracturas es directo con la rodilla en flexión. Muchas veces pueden pasar desapercibidas en las proyección radiográficas anteroposterior (AP), y por eso es importante evaluar la proyección lateral. Cuando se sospechan o se evidencian es necesario tomar una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) con el fin de definir claramente su su resolución quirúrgica, puesto que el abordaje y el método de fijación es controversial. Aunque hoy en día ha aumentado la disponibilidad y las características delos diferentes tipos de implantes, no hay un consenso en la literatura debido principalmente a la falta de experticia en estos poco frecuentes casos.

Unicondylar coronal plane fractures of the distal third of the femur are known as Hoffa fractures, are uncommon and rather rare. Only few cases of this type of fracture have been reported worldwide. By definition they are unstable fractures and therefore require surgical resolution. The mechanism of trauma in this type of fracture is an anterior to posterior direct trauma with a flexed knee. They can often go unnoticed on the anterior-posterior (AP) radiographic projection, so it is important to carefully evaluate the lateral projection. When they are suspected or perhaps evident, it is necessary to perform a computerized axial tomography (CT) in order to clearly define both, the characteristics of the fracture itself as the surgical resolution options, since the approach and the fixation method are controversial. Although nowadays the availability and characteristics of the different types of implants have increased, there is no consensus about the way to manage these fractures in medical literature, mainly due to the lack of expertise in these rare cases.

First record of the sedge feeder Bactra verutana Zeller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Chile based on morphology and DNA barcodes

Abstract The sedge-feeding moth Bactra verutana Zeller, 1875 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Bactrini), described from Dallas, Texas, USA, is widespread, recorded throughout much North America, Central and South America, including the Caribbean, and Africa. The species is recorded for the first time from Chile based on specimens collected in the coastal valleys of the Atacama Desert, where its larvae feed on Cyperus corymbosus Rottb. var. subnodosus (Nees & Meyen) Kük. (Cyperaceae). A single DNA barcode haplotype, which is widespread in USA, was found in two Chilean specimens sequenced.

Prey identification in nests of the potter wasp Hypodynerus andeus (Packard) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) using DNA barcodes

Prey identification in nests of the potter wasp Hypodynerus andeus (Packard) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) using DNA barcodes. Geometrid larvae are the only prey known for larvae of the Neotropical potter wasp Hypodynerus andeus (Packard, 1869) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) in the coastal valleys of the northern Chilean Atacama Desert. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 was amplified from geometrid larvae collected from cells of H. andeus in the Azapa Valley, Arica Province, and used to provide taxonomic identifications. Two species, Iridopsis hausmanni Vargas, 2007 and Macaria mirthae Vargas, Parra & Hausmann, 2005 were identified, while three others could be identified only at higher taxonomic levels, because the barcode reference library of geometrid moths is still incomplete for northern Chile.

Impacto del índice de masa corporal en la nefrectomía radical laparoscópica por cáncer de riñón / Impact of body mass index in laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma

Introducción: La obesidad es causa de aumento de complicaciones intra y post operatorias en pacientes sometidos a cirugía convencional. La Nefrectomía Radical Laparoscópica (NRL) es hoy la técnica de elección para el tratamiento del carcinoma de células renales. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el impacto de la obesidad representado por el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en pacientes sometidos a NRL por cáncer renal. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo aleatorio de 82 NRL consecutivas, en pacientes con sospecha de cáncer renal, realizadas entre julio del 2001 y agosto del 2005. Los pacientes fueron analizados en 3 grupos según su IMC: Grupo 1: No obesos (IMC menor a 30), Grupo 2: obesos (IMC entre 30 y 35), y Grupo 3: obesos mórbidos (IMC mayor a 35). Correspondieron a 60 hombres y 20 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 60,59 años. Se realizaron 17 NRL mano asistidas y 65 NRL puras. Resultados: El grupo 1 (No obesos) se compone de 55 (67,07 por ciento) pacientes, el grupo 2 (Obesos) de 17 (20,73 por ciento) pacientes, y el grupo 3 (Obesos Mórbidos) de 10 (12,19 por ciento) pacientes. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 131,63 minutos, 138,88 minutos, y 141 minutos respectivamente no habiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En cuanto al sangrado promedio, los valores fueron 139,09ml. para el grupo 1, 254 ml. para el grupo 2 y a 137 ml. para el grupo 3; sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En 78 pacientes el diagnóstico histológico fue de Hipernefroma, en 4 pacientes no se encontró neoplasia. Todos se encuentran sin progresión de la enfermedad con un seguimiento promedio de 18 meses. Conclusión: No existen diferencias significativas entre pacientes no obesos, obesos y obesos mórbidos con esta técnica. Nuestro estudio demuestra que la NRL es el abordaje de elección en pacientes obesos con cáncer renal.

Introduction: Obesity caused an increased of intra-and post-operative complications in patients undergoing conventional surgery. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is currently the technique of choice for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Our goal is to evaluate the impact of obesity represented by body mass index (BMI) in patients undergoing LRN for renal cancer. Material and Methods: Prospective randomized study of 82 consecutives LRN in patients with suspected renal masses, conducted between July 2001 and August 2005. Patients were analyzed in 3 groups according to their BMI: Group 1: Non-obese (BMI less than 30), Group 2: obese (BMI between 30 and 35) and Group 3: morbidly obese (BMI greater than 35). There was 60 males and 20 females with a mean age of 60.59 years. We make 17 hand assisted LRN and 65 pure LRN. Results: Group 1 (not obese) is composed of 55 (67.07 percent) patients in group 2 (obese) 17 (20.73 percent)patients, and group 3 (morbidly obese) 10 (12, 19 percent) patients. Medium operative time was 131.63 minutes, 138.88 minutes and 141 minutes respectively, no statistically significant differences. As the average bleeding, the values were 139.09 ml. for group 1, 254 ml. for group 2 and 137 ml. For group 3, no statistically significant difference. In 78 patients the histological diagnosis was Hypernephroma and in 4 patients no tumor was found. All patients are free of disease progression with an average of 18 months. Conclusion: No significant differences exist between non-obese patients, obese and morbidly obese with this technique. Our study shows that LRN is the approach of choice in obese patients with kidney cancer.

índices fisiológicos associados com a "performance" aeróbia em corredores de "endurance": efeitos da duracão da prova / Physiological indexes associated with aerobic performance in endurance runners: effects of race duration

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a validade do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), da velocidade correspondente ao VO2max (vVO2max), do tempo de exaustão na vVO2max (Tlim), da economia de corrida (EC) e do limiar anaeróbio (LAn) para a predicão da performance de atletas de endurance. Quatorze corredores de endurance (33,4 n 4,4 anos; 62,7 n 4,3kg; 166,1 n 5,0cm; VO2max = 60,4 n 5,9ml.kg-1.min-1) realizaram os seguintes testes: a) competicão simulada nas distâncias de 1.500 e 5.000m. e; b) testes de laboratório para a determinacão do VO2max, vVO2max, EC, LAn e Tlim na intensidades de 100 por cento vVO2max. As velocidades (km/h) da vVO2max (18,7 n 0,8), LAn (17,3 n 1,1) v1.500m (19,9 n 0,8) e v5.000m (17,9 n 0,9) foram significantemente diferentes. A regressão múltipla stepwise revelou que o LAn foi o único preditor da performance da v5.000m, explicando 50 por cento da variacão desta performance. Para a v1.500m, o Tlim e a vVO2max explicaram 88 por cento da variacão da performance. Com base em nossos resultados, pode-se concluir que a validade dos índices fisiológicos (VO2max, vVO2max, Tlim, EC e LAn), para a predicão da performance aeróbia de atletas de endurance, é dependente da distância da prova (1.500 x 5.000m) analisada.

Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio de alta intensidade sobre a economia de corrida em atletas de endurance / Effects of high intensity aerobic training on the running economy in endurance runners

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos de dois diferentes programas de treinamento de alta intensidade na economia de corrida (EC) em atletas de endurance. Dezessete corredores (33,4 ± 4,4 anos; 62,7 ± 4,3 kg; 166,1 ± 5,0 cm) divididos em 2 grupos (G95% - N = 9; G100% - N = 8) realizaram testes de laboratório para a determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), sua respectiva velocidade (vVO2max), EC, limiar anaeróbio (LAn) e tempo de exaustão (Tlim) nas intensidades de 95 e 100% vVO2max. Os testes foram realizados antes e após quatro semanas de treinamento, o qual foi semelhante entre os grupos, exceto nos dois dias de treinamento intervalado. O VO2max não foi significantemente diferente após o treinamento para o G95% (59,05 ± 6,0 vs. 58,97 ± 5,7 ml/kg/min) e G100% (59,98 ± 6,0 vs. 58,35 ± 5,4 ml/kg/min). A vVO2max (19,00 ± 1,0 vs. 19,22 ± 0,9 km/h) e a EC (37,25 ± 2,2 vs. 36,30 ± 1,7 ml/kg/ min) foram mantidos no G95%. No G100%, a vVO2max (18,30 ± 0,5 vs. 19,06 ± 1,0 km/h) e a EC (37,66 ± 3,9 vs. 36,27 ± 3,7 ml/kg/min) foram significantemente diferentes após o treinamento. Conclui-se que a EC pode melhorar em atletas treinados durante períodos relativamente curtos de tempo. Esta melhora parece depender da intensidade do treinamento intervalado realizado pelos atletas de endurance.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of high intensity training on running economy (RE) in endurance athletes. Seventeen runners (33.4 + 4.4 years; 62.7 + 4.3 kg; 166.1 + 5.0 cm) divided in two groups (G95% - N = 9 and G100% - N = 8) performed laboratory tests to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the speed corresponding to the VO2max (vVO2max), RE, anaerobic threshold (AnT) and exhaustion time (Tlim) at the intensities of 95 and 100% vVO2max. The tests were performed before and after 4 weeks of training, which was similar between the groups, except in the two days of intervaled training. After the training, the VO2max was not significantly different for G95% (59.05 ± 6.0 vs. 58.97 ± 5.7 ml/kg/min) and G100% (59.98 ± 6.0 vs. 58.35 ± 5.4 ml/kg/min). The vVO2max (19.00 ± 1.0 vs. 19.22 ± 0.9 km/h) and RE (37.25 ± 2.2 vs. 36.30 ± 1.7 ml/kg/min) were maintained for G95%. For G100%, the vVO2max (18.30 ± 0.5 vs. 19.06 ± 1.0 km/h) and RE (37.66 ± 3.9 vs. 36.27 ± 3.7 ml/kg/min) were significantly different after the training period. We can conclude that the RE can improve in trained athletes during relatively short time periods. This improvement seems to depend on the intensity of the intervaled training performed by endurance athletes.